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内容説明 Between the two wars fought in Judaea against the Roman government - the Great War and that of Bar Kochba - the uprisings of Diaspora Jews towards the end of Trajan’s reign constitute a unique event in the history of the Second Jewish Commonwealth. It marks the first and only episode of Jewish violence on a grand scale to take place outside Judaea， and at the same time the only instance of simultaneous outbursts in different geographical places - Libya， Egypt， Cyprus and Mesopotamia， and apparently Judaea as well. What happened exactly? Where did the Jews get their arms from and for how long did they succeed in resisting the impact of the Roman legions? Generations of scholars accepted the statement of Eusebius that the uprising started in 115 CE， but recently it has been put forward that the revolts broke out， instead， only in 116. Moreover， what was the order in which the upheavals took place: the traditional one - Libya， Egypt， Cyprus and Mesopotamia - as most scholars believe following the testimony of Eusebius， or， is the correct order the opposite? If， in fact， the Jews of Mesopotamia were the first to take up arms， the events that took place in the East would have been determinant in fomenting the uprisings in the Western Mediterranean region. An assessment of the new theories is a must and involves a reconsideration both of literary accounts， their sources and of other kinds of information available， including the ostraca found in Egypt and a number of payri either recently discovered or only now ascribed to the events of these upheavals. The first part of this work presents， for the first time， a full collection of the epigraphical， papyrological and historical sources of pagan， Christian and Jewish origin dealing with these events in their original language and in English translation. In the second part， a fresh reading， both of sources and scholarly views， leads the author to new interpretations of events in Egypt， Mesopotamia and Judaea and to a new chronology， which enables her to reach surprising conclusions concerning a possible inter-relationship between the upheavals in the different countries.